Micrómetro

Micrómetro

Quizá has escuchado la palabra micrómetro alguna vez en tu vida o tal vez nunca. Parece un poco rara, pero cuando sepas de qué se trata, verás qué interesante y útil resulta.

El asunto está en que hace miles de años, la necesidad de ser exactos ha estado en la mente del hombre. Pues toda obra, acción y aspectos de la vida son medibles. Para todos es muy fácil medir cosas de tamaños normales y hasta un poco más grandes que nosotros. Sin embargo, ¿qué sucede cuando la medida escapa de nuestra vista y de nuestra cinta de medir?

No estamos hablando de objetos exagerados sino de aquellos que requieren de un medidor especial por las medidas tan diminutas. Y es aquí donde entra en juego el micrómetro.

Por ejemplo

¿Cuánto mide una bacteria u otro organismo microscópico?

Para saberlo continúa leyendo y pronto lo sabrás.

Proveniente de la palabra griega micros, que significa pequeño y metron medida. También es conocido como Calibrador Palmer.

Así, nos adentramos en un mundo diminuto del que saldremos engrandecidos del saber.

Características del Micrómetro

La primera y mayor peculiaridad de este instrumento es que sirve para hacer mediciones, en objetos pequeños, de alta precisión.

Dentro de otras tipologías que existen, hay que tener en cuenta qué es lo que se quiere antes de comprar o utilizar uno. Pues la variedad está definida por su funcionalidad más que por su forma. Los hay de exteriores y de interiores

¿Dónde está la diferencia del Micrómetro?

Como su nombre lo indica, los de exteriores son para medir la parte externa de piezas en centésimas de milímetros, es decir (0.01mm). Sus contactos son de metal duro rectificado y con un trabajo industrial para eliminar la rugosidad de alta calidad.

Por su parte, el de interiores se usa para medir orificios con la misma precisión que el de exteriores. Ambos requieren una limpieza constante para lograr el objetivo preciso en cada trabajo que se realice.

El rango de medición puede variar entre 5 mm mínimo y 50 mm máximo.

Poseen un mango de agarre con la escala grabada a su alrededor y cierran o abren cuando se gira un tornillo, de rosca fina, que tienen a lo largo de su interior. Esto puede ser diferente de acuerdo al fabricante, marca o forma, pero la función es la que determina la orientación de los contactos.

La de los micrómetros de exteriores miran hacia dentro y la de los de interiores miran hacia afuera.

Otro rasgo importante es que los hay digitales.

Además de las particularidades que vimos antes, estos incorporan una pantalla donde muestran las cifras exactas.  Y también los hay de láser, donde por medio de un dispositivo óptico, se emite un rayo láser. Este, al ser interrumpido por algún objeto, ofrece la distancia desde su inicio hasta el punto de contacto donde el objeto interrumpió el rayo láser.

Usos e importancia del Micrómetro

Entre los usos más frecuentes están los talleres mecánicos, la industria mecánica y la automotriz. Por su precisión, es un excelente aliado de la calidad de los productos que se fabrican. Se usa para verificar que las dimensiones sean las programadas y así evitar daños mayores que afecten la vida de quienes utilizan los productos.

Una mínima diferencia, en una pieza de un automóvil, puede provocar a mediano y largo plazo un accidente.

Ventajas y desventajas de los Micrómetros

Todo en la vida está determinado por ventajas y desventajas y el micrómetro no escapa de esta regla.

Ventajas

La mayor de todas es que es mucho más preciso que una regla o cinta métrica. Además que ofrecen una lectura más legible que éstas. También podemos contar con bajísimos márgenes de error en cuanto al cambio de posición del objeto con respecto al observador. Es decir, es muy difícil que cambie de posición cuando se ajusta.

Debido a su tamaño, es fácil de manejar, es portátil, no pesa y cabe en cualquier lugar sin ocupar mucho espacio.

Otro aspecto que supera con creces a los otros instrumentos de medición, es la facilidad y precisión de su ajuste. En una cinta métrica o regla por ejemplo, el ajuste lo realiza tus dedos, que al moverse cambian milimétricamente su posición. En el caso del micrómetro, tiene una palanca o mecanismo de ajuste muy efectivo.

Desventajas

A diferencia de las herramientas de mediciones convencionales y comunes, el medidor de longitudes diminutas posee la más pequeña. Esto sin lugar a dudas es una desventaja. Al tener un rango de medición muy corto, no sirve para medir, por ejemplo, las dimensiones de una pared para saber cuántos metros cuadrados tiene.

Dependiendo de las características o peculiaridades, no puede ser utilizado en otra cosa que no sea para lo que fue fabricado. El de exteriores no sirve ni tan siquiera para interiores y viceversa. Su propósito limitado, aunque único, lo convierte en una notable desventaja.

De acuerdo con fabricantes de estos prototipos, los yunques o contactos como vimos antes, tienen un tiempo muy limitado de garantía. De tres meses a  un año se mantienen en buen estado, pero pasado este tiempo, hay que calibrarlos si se pretende obtener mejores beneficios.

El no hacerlo implica en la pérdida de la precisión que lo caracteriza y por ende la calidad merma en un porcentaje bastante considerable.

Otro de los rasgos que lo distingue, pero que lo toma como desventaja, es que solo es útil para mediciones finales. En otras palabras, interviene solo en el último eslabón de la cadena productiva.

 

De lo micro a lo macro

Micrómetro

Luego de haber recorrido por el micromundo de este fenomenal instrumento, llegamos a la realidad llenos de preguntas. Y ahora ¿qué hago? ¿Cuál es mejor? ¿Lo compro o no lo compro? ¿Valdría la pena?

Solo resta decir que la decisión está en tus manos. Cada cosa tiene su encanto y ésta es una de ellas. ¿Recuerdas cuánto mide una bacteria? Una bacteria mide entre 0.6 y 1 (µm) micrómetro.

La próxima vez que escuches esta palabra, no tendrás la menor duda de qué se trata.

Ahora puedes explicarlo.

También podría interesarte: Cinta métrica: cómo elegir la adecuada

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