El cartabón

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El cartabón

En el proceso de medición de ángulos y longitud de rectas o segmentos, el cartabón es considerado una de las herramientas esenciales dentro del campo de la geometría plana.

Aunque no sea perceptible, el mundo es matemático, si de medidas y cantidades se trata. Por eso no solo el cartabón otras herramientas vieron la luz a lo largo de estos años, para facilitar la vida o la estancia del hombre en esta tierra.

Precisamente del cartabón se han investigado algunas cuestiones referentes a sus orígenes, usos e importancia. A continuación expondremos muchas de estas razones.

Orígenes del cartabón

La historia se remonta desde la Isla Samos, perteneciente a la Grecia de antes de nuestra era. Entre el siglo VI y VII,  un hombre llamado Teodoro de Samos; arquitecto, escultor e inventor, creó el cartabón. Esta época fue muy prolífera en cuanto a descubrimientos de aparatos de medición, a él por ejemplo se le adjudicaron otros, entre los que se encuentran; la regla graduada, el nivel y la llave, instrumentos también considerablemente importantes en este período de tiempo.

Definición. Características. Tipos de cartabón

¿Pero qué conceptos definen a este instrumento de medición? Generalmente nos relacionamos con su figura. Desde los primeros años de vida en las personas, se incorpora como parte de su acervo intelectual, por lo que no es completamente desconocido. Entonces podemos decir en términos usuales que es una regla en forma de triángulo rectángulo escaleno, es decir ninguno de sus lados y ángulos son iguales, cada uno de estos últimos miden; 90, 60 y 30 grados respectivamente.

El diseño de este instrumento, responde a una estructura firme, no se desarticula, es sencillo, se adapta fácilmente a otros objetos de medición tales como la escuadra y la regla.

Existen diferentes tipos de cartabones aunque siempre podremos apreciar, si nos fijamos bien, que tienen la misma imagen, solo cambia el material de confección. Es por eso que estoy segura, has visto los de plástico y aluminio y estos más bien son utilizados por los escolares, también se encuentran los de madera y aquí sí puedes notar que varía el usuario, generalmente los arquitectos, ingenieros civiles, diseñadores, son los que más lo usan.

También existen dos categorías de cartabones:

✔      Escolares: Se caracterizan por ser ligeros, económicos, compatibles con los estudiantes. Están hechos de plástico.

✔      Profesionales para oficina especializada: Estos instrumentos están destinados a profesionales relacionados con la arquitectura, dibujo técnico, topógrafo, ingenieros y diseñadores gráficos.

✔       Algunos son de plástico más duro, como el metacrilato. La calidad es superior en caso de establecer comparación con los escolares.

✔      Sastre y costura: Se caracterizan por tener una sisa interior. Son hechos de metacrilato transparente y su dimensión es de 5 mm.

Cuáles son las funciones y la utilidad del cartabón

Ellos tienen una forma muy práctica para funcionar, uno de sus lados está provisto de una escala graduada en centímetros, en consecuencia  se coloca sobre lo que se desee medir y finalmente se obtiene un resultado. Su uso depende en gran medida de la finalidad que quieras darle a esta herramienta, la complementariedad con otros instrumentos de medición también es fundamental pues con el uso combinado facilitaría su función.

Uso del cartabón

Si anteriormente planteamos lo funcional y práctico que suele ser este instrumento, determinado por su versatilidad a pesar de ser ligero y simple, en este apartado descubrirás todo lo que puedes realizar con un cartabón. A continuación los siguientes criterios.

✔      Hace diferentes tipos de mediciones en objetos

✔      Puede realizar trazos paralelos teniendo en cuenta la longitud indicada.

✔      Ideal para hacer trazos perpendiculares.

✔      Indispensable en el estudio y el dibujo de la geometría plana.

✔      Se pueden obtener ángulos de 30° y 60°.

✔      Localiza el punto medio

✔      Ayuda a esbozar triángulos.

Diferencias entre escuadra y cartabón

La escuadra y el cartabón suelen ser herramientas muy parecidas, generalmente se emplean como sinónimos. Entre una y otra pueden causar ligeras equivocaciones, sin embargo presentan diferencias notables que hacen cambiar de criterio a cualquier persona.

La escuadra constituye un triángulo rectángulo isósceles, es decir, tiene dos lados iguales, y dos ángulos de 45 grados, y el tercer ángulo es recto, o sea, mide 90 grados. En tanto los cartabones poseen dimensiones diferentes, de igual manera incluyen un ángulo de 90 grados y dos ángulos cuya medición es distinta, de 30 y 60 grados respectivamente siendo sus lados completamente diferentes.

Diferentes marcas de cartabón

Existen diferentes tipos de marcas entre los cartabones, las que a continuación presentamos han sido de las más demandadas en el mercado. Han  prestigiado a través de los años el producto, por el nivel de calidad.

Los cartabones pertenecientes a la serie Faber Castell son los que generalmente se incluyen en el uso escolar. Estos instrumentos están hechos de plástico duro, metacrilato, su color es verde transparente. Tienen buena calidad, gracias a sus características, son efectivos en el trazado de paralelas.

Están también los cartabones Staedtler, son fabricados de plástico azul transparentes. Tienen una particularidad, la escala graduada que contiene es de milímetros y su bisel mantiene limpia las hojas cuando se usa tinta. El material de este instrumento es duro por lo que su periodo de vida útil se extiende. Destinado para estudiantes y dibujantes profesionales.

Importancia del  cartabón

Constituye un instrumento de medición preciso, gracias a su exactitud muchos profesionales la emplean. Esta herramienta en el emprendimiento y la ejecución de proyectos se desenvuelve de la manera más asertiva posible. En este sentido su repercusión en la sociedad, permite el desarrollo intelectual de los profesionales dentro del campo de la ciencia y la técnica.

Considerando que es un producto sencillo,  básico, versátil y eficiente, es usado en el amplio diapasón de profesiones afines para poder llevar a cabo los diversos estudios que demanda el Status Quo de la sociedad en que vivimos.

Este instrumento de hace siglos atrás se ha convertido en uno de los más importantes, si de medición se trata. Se pone de manifiesto desde sus inicios, la envergadura social y  científica que representa.

Este objeto de medición al igual que la regla graduada, el escalímetro, el calibrador y la escuadra, entre otros; lograron alcanzar desafiando el tiempo, una posición sólida en las diferentes áreas de especialización. Los fundamentos de sus características, se convierten en un complemento para la vida en cualquier labor que se proponga el hombre.

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