Si quieres abastecer tu hogar de energía limpia y sostenible, enhorabuena. Te enseñamos cómo instalar un panel solar en tu casa para comenzar a reducir el consumo de electricidad privada. Hay grandes ventajas a la hora de instalar un módulo fotovoltaico: es económico, reduces la huella de carbono y motivas a más personas a que utilicen opciones de consumo amigables con el medio ambiente.
Cómo instalar un panel solar en casa
A la hora de instalar un panel solar en casa hay que saber un par de cosas, pero realmente es sencillo. Si sigues los pasos y las recomendaciones que te mencionaremos a continuación, podrás crear tu propio sistema de abastecimiento sostenible. Aunque, en caso de complicaciones, siempre es bueno contar con la ayuda de profesionales en paneles solares. ¿Nos acompañas?
Componentes del panel solar
Lo primero que tienes que saber es el contenido de un paquete de panel fotovoltaico. Este cuenta con:
- Sistema de montaje
- Paneles o módulos solares
- Inversor Solar
- Baterías
- Sistema computarizado o de monitoreo
El proceso de transformación de energía es sencillo. Los paneles absorben la energía que irradia el sol, la conducen al inversor que la convierte en electricidad y posteriormente lo envían a los sistemas del hogar para que puedan usarse en aparatos eléctricos.
¿Dónde colocar los paneles solares?
Más que preocuparse por cómo instalar un panel solar, tienes que prestar atención a la ubicación. Es la clave de este sistema de módulos fotovoltaicos. Después de todo, de la cantidad de energía aprovechada dependerá la capacidad de absorción.
Si colocamos el sistema en un lugar donde no reciba toda la luz solar, por muy buen que instalemos los sistemas, no será suficiente para nuestros intereses.
El lugar ideal es el techo. Toda la estructura tiene que estar anclada e inclinada mirando al sol en un espacio donde reciba la mayor cantidad de energía posible. Se recomienda que sea en un ángulo de inclinación entre 18 y 36 grados.
También puedes colocarlos en el suelo, pero no se recomienda, al menos que sea la última opción y no haya ningún tipo de obstáculo que bloquee el acceso al sol, como árboles o techos.
Colocar los soportes
Ya yendo a un punto más técnico, el primer paso para instalar tus paneles fotovoltaicos es colocar los soportes en el techo. Es donde descansarán los módulos. Esta estructura le proporciona soporte a los paneles para que queden fijados mirando al sol.
Lo importante, más allá de la colocación en las tejas, es que escojas el ángulo adecuado, como ya hablamos. Entre 16 y 32 grados inclinados a la exposición de la luz solar.
Instalar los paneles
Luego que fijes los soportes, es momento de instalar los paneles o módulos fotovoltaicos. Esto es muy fácil. Simplemente, debes colocar los paneles cuidadosamente sobre el sistema de soporte y apretar los tornillos hasta que queden fijos. Comprueba que haya quedado estable para que cumpla eficientemente con su trabajo.
Conectar el cableado
Quizás lo que más miedo le produce a las personas que quieran instalar su propio sistema de consumo amigable con el medio ambiente es conectar la red de cableado.
Tranquilo. No es difícil. Veamos. La red de paneles solares utiliza conectores universales MC4, los cuales se pueden conectar de dos formas.
La primera es en serie impar. Es decir: el cable positivo (+) con cable negativo (-) en cada módulo. La segunda es en serie par. Es decir: de positivo (+) a positivo (+) en cada módulo.
Instalar el inversor
El inversor va conectado al sistema. Específicamente en el panel principal del equipo. Puedes colocar tanto dentro de la casa, como fuera de la casa. Aunque, debes buscar un lugar donde no reciba demasiado sol, puesto que tiende a sobrecalentarse.
Para conectarlo, tienes que introducir el cable positivo del panel solar al terminar positivo del inversor y el cable negativo del panel solar con el terminal negativo del inversor.
Conectar la batería
La batería cumple un papel importante en el set de paneles solares. Es la que almacena la energía que luego puede ser usada en la noche para abastecer los equipos eléctricos en casa.
Además, no siempre habrá días soleados fuertes golpeando nuestros paneles. Habrá días lluviosos o nublados. Y ahí es donde la batería surte efecto.
Para conectar la batería es, básicamente, lo mismo que hemos venido explicando: terminal positivo de la batería con el terminal positivo del inversor, y terminal negativo de la batería con el terminal negativo del inversor.
Conectar al hogar
El último paso de esta fantástica guía sobre cómo instalar un panel solar es conectar el sistema a la red del hogar para que comience a suministrar electricidad.
Ya con eso puedes arrancar tu distribuidora de energía sostenible y ahorrar en la factura de la luz.
Es aconsejable utilizar un medidor de generación para monitorear la energía producida por los paneles o un sistema computarizado que te mantenga informado del comportamiento y rendimiento del sistema desde la comodidad del móvil.
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