La arquitectura de interiores es la planificación y enfoque de diseño destinado a modificar los espacios artificiales dentro de una obra para que se pueda convivir satisfactoriamente. El objetivo final de la arquitectura de interiores es crear un ambiente agradable, ya sea para conversar en una sala o para realizar las labores en el trabajo.
Puede que sea tan antiguo como la misma civilización este tipo de prácticas, pero el campo de la arquitectura de interiores es un término relativamente nuevo en las escuelas de arquitectura en general. Antes no se le prestaba atención a los interiores de una obra, como con la arquitectura viva. Pero cada vez que pasa el tiempo, más es el enfoque que ha recibido este estilo arquitectónico.
La arquitectura de interiores data sus comienzos como una práctica real en el siglo XX, donde en aquél entonces no se le daba el sentido que merecía. Sin embargo, con el pasar el tiempo, y con los resultados obtenidos, fue obteniendo un término más descriptivo. El término de diseño de interiores hoy en día es un área más amplia, que ha abarcado los estudios de muchos arquitectos para darle un sentido operacional. Las personas se preocupan más por los elementos que dan forma a los ambientes artificiales, llegando incluso a combinarlo con el medio ambiente para conseguir un intento de diseño ambiental.
También, por mucho tiempo se ha estado confundiendo el termino entre un decorador de interiores, que es una persona que busca darle una estética los lugares cerrados, con el de un arquitecto de interiores. Lo cual es una duda común que se resuelve rápidamente.
A continuación, desglosaremos en detalle todo lo relacionado con arquitectura de interiores, pasando por sus principios, características y otros elementos. ¡Acompáñanos!
¿Qué es la arquitectura de interiores?
La arquitectura de interiores, como se mencionó anteriormente, es un estilo de planificar el proyecto arquitectónico de modo que los interiores de una estructura se puedan diseñar para que san eficientes y estéticamente atractivos. Para plasmarlo en la realidad se necesita adquirir conocimientos necesarios en el campo del diseño y la tecnología que evoluciona cada día. Así como la construcción, los materiales que se van a emplear, el paisaje que se quiere conseguir, la conservación, los servicios a prestar y la reutilización para adaptarlo a un nuevo enfoque.
La arquitectura de interiores es un nuevo enfoque que, si se estudia de manera adecuada, con los conocimientos necesarios y la capacidad de aplicarlo de manera inteligente, puede forjar obras estéticamente bellas que atraerá una gran cantidad de clientes.
También se puede decir que la arquitectura de interiores es la forma en que los profesionales conciben y crear la estética de los espacios construidos. Esto con la finalidad de proporcional una experiencia innovadora al usuario de los espacios. Los interiores de una estructura que conocemos hoy en día suelen ser minuciosamente elaborados para conseguir que destaquen entre otros lugares, como podría ser los cuartos en una casa, y la sala de paseo en un edificio. Todo suele ser muy subjetivo, a la vista del arquitecto que lo realiza.
Principios de la arquitectura de interiores
La arquitectura de interiores es una rama especializada de la arquitectura tal como la conocemos. Se estudian de manera que sean perceptibles, así como sostenibles y se encuentren en sintonía con la estructura en general. Por ejemplo, los mejores interiores son aquellos donde no hay una disparidad obvia entre los muchos elementos que lo componen. Es decir, se crea para que sean perfectos, ya que el usuario que convivirá dentro debe sentirse en un ambiente cómodo, bello y elaborado para su estadía.
Uno de los elementos que se encuentran dentro de la arquitectura de interiores es la planificación del sitio. Antes de abordar y construir la obra, primero se debe planificar qué es lo que se quiere, cómo lo quiere el cliente, cuáles son los toques que se le debe poner a la obra, y cómo se puede plasmar. Luego de ese punto de partida, hay que estudiar el paisajismo, los diseños que se encuentran en mejor posición y los que no convendrían utilizar. Seguidamente, tocaría la selección de los muebles y los signos arquitectónicos que se van a emplear para darle ese toque de detalles a la estructura de interiores.
Grupo de trabajo de la arquitectura de interiores
No se sorprenda en escuchar que los estudios de arquitectos tengan un grupo de especialistas solo dedicados al diseño de interiores. Puesto que debido a su complejidad, ya no es posible que un solo arquitecto, sin importar lo experto que es, pueda, por ejemplo, diseñar solo el interior de un edificio. Para ello se conforma un equipo de especialistas capaces de comunicarse entre sí y cumplir con los objetivos establecidos.
Si bien el arquitecto solo es capaz de diseñar los puntos generales del edificio, los especialistas de la arquitectura de interiores se preocuparán por los aspectos más íntimos del diseño de los interiores. Así como las cuestiones estéticas y la psicología visual involucrada.
Arquitectos de interiores
El arquitecto de interiores debe ser un profesional que tenga los conocimientos de los aspectos estructurales y técnicos de un inmueble. Es muy común ver que los arquitectos se especializan en esta rama para darle un toque más de diseñador a los espacios. Mientras que los diseñadores, buscan comprender el lado arquitectónico del espacio para poder ser un hibrido de los dos. Así que, se puede concluir que el arquitecto de interiores tiene que ser una persona que comprenda tanto el lado del diseñador como de la arquitectura.
Entre los conocimientos que debe tener un arquitecto de interiores se icnluyen los siguientes:
- Conocimientos sobre la iluminación, electricidad, fontanería y colocación de la salidas de los datos
- Materiales que se deben utilizar para diseñar los interiores y cómo debe ser el acabado final
- Firmes conocimientos en la colocación de la ventana, ventilación y otros elementos de un interior
- También ha de ser una persona que ha construido regularmente inmuebles, para que entienda las características de los espacios
- Debe ser capaz de colocar las puertas, ventanas y pasillos en el lugar correcto
- Conocimiento en el diseño de las entradas, diseño inteligente de almacenamiento estructural y el movimiento de las personas en un espacio
- Y por supuesto, debe tener la capacidad de hacer un uso inteligente del espacio, para que se pueda ver estéticamente agradable
¿Cómo aprender sobre arquitectura de interiores?
Existen programas de grado asociado con la arquitectura de interiores para que pueda emplearse en el ámbito laboral. Por lo general se requerirá un título de licenciatura en vista de obtener la licencia estatal. Que es obligatorio para todos aquellos arquitectos que quieran hacer ejercicio de su profesión. También se pueden encontrar programas de maestría en arquitectura de interiores, disponible para los graduados. Esta es una gran ventaja a la hora de buscar un empleo. Ya que es una rama que abordará otros proyectos y no solo el de una obra en construcción nueva.
También pueden aplicar a cursos y programa de entrenamientos, orientados al dibujo arquitectónico. El diseño de la iluminación en un espacio, diseño de interiores, y hasta la ética. Los que sean graduados de arquitectos, y tengan un título o un documento que lo avale en la arquitectura de interiores. Pueden obtener un certificado nacional y la licencia estatal.
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