El hierro es uno de los metales más importantes en la construcción debido a que es resistente y robusto. El símbolo de este metal en la tabla periódica es Fe, con una masa atómica de 55,85 y un número atómico de 26.
Este material es utilizado en la ingeniería geotécnica y civil, debido a que garantiza una mayor resistencia en las estructuras. Es muy usado porque brinda un buen soporte en las construcciones, es seguro y duradero.
Principales características del hierro
La característica que identifica al hierro es que es fuertemente magnético, conduce muy bien la electricidad y el calor. Es un metal plateado demasiado reactivo para existir solo, por ello naturalmente solo ocurre en la corteza terrestre como siderita, hematita y magnetita y como mineral de hierro.
El hierro por lo general se encuentra en estado sólido, pero tiene la capacidad de ser doblado o moldeado. Se puede estirar o tirar con facilidad cuando está en un alambre delgado y no se rompe, además tiene brillo y resplandor propio.
La fuerza magnética que produce el hierro es lo que crea los polos magnéticos sur y norte. El hierro prácticamente no requiere mantenimiento, no se oxida con facilidad, esto solo ocurre cuando está expuesto al aire libre y no recibe el mantenimiento adecuado.
Para evitar que el hierro se oxide por el contacto con el oxígeno suelen cubrirlo o pintarlo con otras aleaciones. Pero en caso de oxidarse no ocurre nada debido a que se puede volver a fundir y se obtiene hierro nuevo. Por esta razón se considera que es un material ecológico.
Usos de este mineral
El hierro es un material de gran utilidad, algunos de los usos son los siguientes:
Construcción
Este es un material indispensable en el sector de la construcción, se utiliza para las estructuras metálicas de obras. Está presente en placas, vigas, estribos, columnas, chapas, tubos, entre otros.
El hierro es usado para la construcción de cualquier tipo de viviendas, debido a que es robusto y resistente. El uso de este material garantiza una mayor resistencia a las estructuras para la construcción de viviendas. Esto debido a que por ser un material de mayor peso y resistencia tiene la capacidad de brindar un buen soporte, además es seguro y duradero.
Éste material también es utilizado en las obras públicas como son en las vallas, en las señales de tráfico, los tubos de los postes entre otros usos. El hierro es utilizado en el cerramiento de terrazas, ventanales y balcones.
El uso de este material en la construcción es en espacios interiores y exteriores, porque es muy resistente al óxido.
Mobiliario
El hierro es utilizado en la actualidad para la construcción de mobiliario, se pueden encontrar en el mercado diferentes tipos. Como mesas, mobiliario de comercios, estructuras de sofás, sillas, somieres, entre muchos otros.
Fabricación
Es posible fabricar diferente tipos de elementos como son calderas, escaleras metálicas o chimeneas o calderas. También es utilizado en el sector industrial para la fabricación de diferentes tipos de maquinarias, moldes para la fabricación de piezas PVC, utensilios, entre otros.
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